Population Characteristics T2D n=178 No-T2D n=170 Age (years) 54.0 (34.8-70.7) 38.5(23.3-62.5) Gender (% female) 75 (44.1%) 98 (55.1%) Ethnicity     Arab (%) 85 (50.0%) 115 (64.6%) South Asian (%) 65 (38.2%) 34 (19.1%) Filipino(%) 13 (7.6%) 22 (12.4%) Other or mix (%) 7 (4.1%) 7 (3.9%)

Table 1: Subject characteristics. Arab: Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, So- malia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen South Asian: India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Values represent median (90% range) or number of subjects (%).