Figure 1: Typical 600 MHz 1H-NMR Spectra of Urine from Crew of MARS-500 Project. Numbers indicates the following metabolites: 1: serotonin (Ser); 2: trans- 4-hydroxy-L-proline (Hyp); 3: L-glutamine (Gln); 4: indole-3-acetate (IAA); 5: creatinine (Cn); 6: xanthine (Xa); 7: xanthosine (Xan); 8: glycine (Gly); 9: isovaleric acid (IVA); 10: o-acetylcarnitine (OAC); 11: threonine (Thr); 12: 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate (MOV); 13: isobutyrate (IB); 14: 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB); 15: methylmalonate (MMA); 16: isoleucine (ile); 17: lactate (Lac); 18: alanine (Ala); 19: N-acetylglutamate (NAG); 20: pyruvate (Py);21: succinate (Suc); 22: α-ketoglutarate (Kg); 23: citrate (Cit); 24: dimethylamine (DMA); 25: trimethylamine (TMA); 26: glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC); 27: trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO); 28: taurine (Tau); 29: creatine (Cr); 30: hippurate (Hip); 31: phenylacetylglycine (PAG); 32: 3-Methylhistidine (3-MH); 33: 3-hydroxymandelate (3-HM); 34: Methylhistidine (MH); 35: melatonin (Mel); 36: salicylurate (Sal); 37: N-methylnicotinamide (NMND); 38: trigonelline (Tri); 39: IMP; 40: NADH; 41: imidazole (Imi); 42: formic acid (For); 43: oxypurinol (Oxy).