Please see the main text for explanation. The hormones or metabolites that positively or negatively affect the activities of Glycogen Synthase (GS) or Glycogen Phosphorylase (GP) are indicated as (+) and (-), respectively. Abbreviations: G6P, Glucose 6-Phosphate; ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate.

Figure 1: Differential regulations of glycogen metabolism in the liver (A) and skeletal muscle (B).