Drug A |
Interaction with drug B |
Effect on A (mechanism) |
Carbamazepine |
enzymatic inhibitors, verapamil |
↑ (↓ biotransformation of A) |
Cyclosporine |
enzymatic inhibitors |
↑ (↓ biotransformation of A) |
|
enzymatic inducers |
↓ (↑ biotransformation of A) |
Digoxin |
amiodarone, diltiazem, verapamil, ACEi, NSAIDs |
↑ (↓ excretion of A) |
atorvastatin |
↑ (unknown) |
antiacids (with Mg2+ or Al3+), cholestyramine, colestipol |
↓ (↓ absorption of A) |
Lithium |
NSAIDs, diuretic tiazídicos |
↑ (↓ excretion of A) |
Quinolones |
cholestyramine, colestipol |
↓ (↓ absorption of A) |
|
enzymatic inhibitors, quinolones |
↑ (↓ biotransformation of A) |
Theophylline |
enzymatic inducers |
↓ (↑ biotransformation of A) |
Thyroxine |
enzymatic inducers |
↓ (↑ biotransformation of A) |
TCA |
enzymatic inhibitorsa |
↑ (↓ biotransformation of A) |
Warfarin |
enzymatic inducersb |
↓ (↑ biotransformation of A) |
cholestyramine, colestipol |
↓ (↓ absorption and ↑ excretion of A) |
|
enzymatic inhibitors |
↓ (↑ biotransformation of A) |
enzymatic inducers |
↓ (↑ biotransformation of A) |
clofibrate, danazol, gemfibrozil, NSAIDs, phenytoin, stanozolol, tamoxifen, thyroxine |
↑ (pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic potentialization) |
aExamples of well-known inhibitors: amiodarone, fluconazole, miconazole,
ketoconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, sulfonamides, omeprazole, cimetidine
and ciprofloxacin.
bExemples of well-known inducers: rifampin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone
and carbamazepine.
(↑) Increase; (↓) Decrease
ACEi – angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; NSAIDs - Non-steroidal antiinflammatory
drugs; TCA – Tricyclic antidepressants |