Carbon δ (ppm) Lactobionic acid Lactone C1 178.69 173.56 C1’ 103.64 103.43 C2 71.88 71.83 C2’ 72.27 72.02 C3 71.28 71.48 C3’ 81.68 80.61 C4 72.85 72.92 C4’ 68.84 68.98 C5 71.66 70.74 C5’ 75.51 75.87 C6 62.09 61.51 C6’ 61.24 59.98

Table 3: 13C-NMR chemical shifts corresponding to lactobionic acid and lactone (Varian AS-400).