Volatile compounds/ phytochemicals Possible bioactivity Types of vegetablea Reference 1 2 3 4 5 Lactones Trans-Ocimene 3-Methyl-4-ethylhexane β-Pinene 9 (Z)-Octadecenamide Exhibits anti-microbial activity against B. subtilis, P. vulgaris Exhibits anti-microbial activity against B. cereus Exhibits anti-microbial activity against E. faecalis -ditto- Anti-oxidative and hypolipidemic activity   Celery Siapailene, et al., 2005 Cheng, et al., 2010 6 7 8 9 10 11 β-Selinene Fenchone  Eugenol Thymol Carvarol Xanthorrihzol (sesquiterpene) Anti-oxidant properties Possess acaricidal activity against D. farina & D. pteronyssinus Inhibits reactive oxygen species Good scavengers of peroxyl radicals -ditto- Neuroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity Artichoke Ou, et al., 2006 Kim, et al., 2005 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Carotol Daucol Undecan-2-one Sabinene Anethole p-anisaldehyde (+)-Fenchone Estragol Kaempferol-3-0-rutinoside Antifungal, herbicidal and anti-microbial -ditto- Anti-microbial & nematocidal Anti-microbial against B. subtilis Anti-microbial, estrogenic agent and anti-thrombotic agent. Increases milk secretion/promote menstrual flow Acaricidal activity -ditto- -ditto- Anti-radical scavenging activities Carrot Fennel Jasicka-Misiak, et al., 2004; Glisic, et al.,  2007 Ntalli, et al., 2011 Dorman, &Deans 2000 Kubo, et al., 2008 Lee, 2004 Parejo, et al., 2004b 21 Hydrocycinnamates Neuroprotective effect such as Alzheimer’s disease lettuce Commenges, et al., 2000 22 23 24 25 3-Butenylisothiocyanate  4-Pentenylethylisothiocyanate Benzene propane nitrile 1H-Indole-3-acetonitrile Inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria -ditto- Anti-carcinogenic -ditto- Broccoli raab Jang, et al., 2009 26 27 Lycopene Limonene Anti-oxidant activity, reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) Antibacterial Tomato                                               water melon Kardinaal, et al., 1993; Erdman, et al., 2005 28 29 30 Capsidiol Limonene Trans-β-ocimene Bacteriostatic properties Antibacterial -ditto- pepper Buttery, Seifert, Guadagni, & Ling, 1966   31 32 Allicin Dially sulphide Anti-carcinogen, anti-mutagen and anti-oxidant Inhibition of colon and oesophageal carcinomas Onion                                             Garlic Xiao, &Parkin 2002 Wargovich, 1987 33 34 4-Methyliobutyl isothiocyanate Phenylethyl isothiocyanate Anti-oxidant action Chemopreventive properties Arugula Lamy, et al., 2008 35 36 Incensole, α-Copaene Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant & Anticarcinogenic water dropwort Moussaieff et al. 2007 37 Anthraquinone Laxative, antimalarial, antineoplastic & in treatment of cancers Rhubarb Huang, et al., 2007 38 Dihydroquercetin Antioxidant activity Peanut Pratt, &Miller 1984 ahttp://www.bhg.com/gardening/plant-dictionary/vegetables

Table 1: Some volatile constituents of common vegetables and their possible bioactivities.