Authors Target Assay methods Function Result References Nishio et al. human dental plaque SEM1 plaque formation less plaque formation 22   S. oralis SEM, labeled bacterial count adherence no difference   Honda et al. human dental plaque SEM plaque formation less plaque formation 23   huma saliva EDS film-like interface substance anti-bacterial layer formation   Hirose et al. Streptococci SEM adherence less S. sanguinisadherence 27   albumin 125I-labeled albumin albumin adsorption more albumin adsorption   Tamoto et al. human dental plaque SEM plaque formation less plaque formation 24     EDS film-like interface substance Al, Si, and Sr were detected from the thin layer   Han et al. P. acnes, A. israelii, E. faecalis agar difusion method antibacterial test anti-bacterial effect on P. acnes, A. israelii 37 Daneshmehr et al. S. mutans SEM biofilm formation less biofilm formation 28 Yoshida et al. human dental plaque SEM plaque formation less plaque formation 25   S. sanguinis, S. salivarius, S. oralis 3H-labeled bacterial count adherence no difference   Idono et al. human dental plaque SEM plaque formation less plaque formation 26   S. oralis SEM adherence less adherence     S. oralis colony count antibacterial test no difference   Saku et al. S. mutans SEM, 3H-labeled bacterial count adherence less adherence 29   S. mutans colony count antibacterial test no difference   Tamura et al. S. sanguie and S. oralis growth curve examination growth inhibition growth inhibition 34 Kimyai et al. S. mutans SEM, bacterial count adherence less adherence 30 Ma et al. S. mutans pH electrode pH change less pH decrease 33   S. mutans micro-CT scanning, SEM demineralization less demineralization   Yoneda et al. S. mutans safranin-based micoplate assay adherence less adherence 38   P. gingivalis BAPNA2, gelatin film assay enzyme activities less enzyme activities     P. gingivalisand F. nucleatum coaggregation assay coaggregation less coaggregation   Hotta et al. S. mutans SEM, labeled bacterial count adherence less adherence 31   S. sanguinis SEM, 3H-labeled bacterial count adherence no difference   Kuramochi et al. huma saliva bacterial count of PM biofilm3 biofilm formation less biofilm formation 35 Hahnel et al. S. mutans MTT-based microplate assay biofilm formation less biofilm formation 32 Suzuki et al. huma saliva colony count antibacterial test less viable bacteria 36   huma saliva safranin-based micoplate assay biofilm formation and disruption less biofilm formation and biofilm disuruptive effect     oral molodor halimeter assay VSCs4produciton less VSCs production

1scanning electron microscopy 2Na-benzoyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride 3polymicrobial biofilm 4volatile sulfur compounds

Table 2: Antibacterial effect of S-PRG.