Figure 3: Effect of concurrent injection of dendrosomal curcumin (DNC) with morphine on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of dendrosomal curcumin (DNC) with each daily morphine injection (6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56 and 66 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly decreased the withdrawal symptoms, including chewing, teeth chattering, digging, writhing and sniffing (DNC/Nal, n=6). Rats receiving DNC with morphine were compared with the ones pretreated with vehicle (Carrier/Nal, n=7). Data are expressed as mean±SEM. * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01.