Repeated gambling N Mean (SD) Pa STAI Absence 27 43.07 (11.77) 0.004 Presence 31 51.80 (10.21)   GSES Absence 27 10.26 ( 3.53) <0.001 Presence 31   6.42 ( 3.79)   ECSA   (inhibitory control) Absence 27 32.33 ( 4.82) 0.001 Presence 31 27.74 ( 4.89)   ECSA  (activation control) Absence 27 34.96 ( 7.43) 0.004 Presence 31 28.94 ( 8.04)   Duration of gambling  (years) Absence 27 26.59 ( 7.75) 0.005 Presence 31 19.16 (11.25)   Age  (years) Absence 27 50.55 ( 9.70) 0.001 Presence 31 40.90 (11.60)       N Median (range) Pb ECSA   (attentional control) Absence 27 32 (2-48) 0.024 Presence 31 28 (1-43)   Number of months of  participation in GA Absence 27 33 (1-138) 0.839 Presence 31 32 (1-121)   Debt (ten thousand yen) Absence 27 400 (0-6000) 0.574 Presence 31 400 (0-1300)

Table 2: Factors associated with the presence or absence of repeated gambling –univariate analysis. a: t-test, b: Mann-Whitney U-test