Inclusion Exclusion Population HIV-infected HIV-seronegative   Adolescents and Adults Children Outcome Any drug abuse including: Drug or substance use not associated with any self-damaging effect.   Alcohol     Crack cocaine     Methamphetamine     Heroin     Inhalants e.g. amyl nitrite     Prescription drugs     *Over-the-counter medications     Tobacco/Nicotine   Study types Any study design including: Expert reviews   Cross-sectional Policy reports   Case-control     Cohort     Randomized trials     Population-based studies     Hospital-based studies     Full-texts     Conference abstracts

Box 1: Eligibility Criteria,*: Over-the-counter medications e.g., cough and cold medicines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.