| Characteristic |
No Follow-up (N=86) |
Follow-Up (N=247) |
Mean Difference (95% CI) |
Relative Risk (95% CI) |
| Maternal Age (years)-Mean (Std) |
27.5 (4.6) |
27.9 (5.3) |
-0.36 (-1.61, 0.90) |
|
| Prenatal Care Initiated |
|
|
|
|
| First Trimester-N (%) |
35 (40.7) |
121 (49.2) |
|
0.83 (0.62, 1.10) |
| Second Trimester-N (%) |
40 (46.5) |
79 (32.1) |
|
1.45 (1.08, 1.94) |
| Third Trimester-N (%) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
|
|
| No Prenatal Care-N (%) |
11 (12.8) |
46 (18.7) |
|
0.69 (0.37, 1.26) |
| In-Utero Primary Exposure |
33 (38.4) |
51 (20.6) |
-1.87 (-5.41, 1.66) |
1.86 (1.29, 2.67) |
| Buprenorphine-N (%) |
13.7 (8.9) |
15.6 (7.5) |
|
|
| Mean Dose in mg (Std) |
53 (61.6) |
196 (79.4) |
9.81 (-5.72, 25.35) |
|
| Methadone-N (%) |
96.7 (53.1) |
86.9 (37.9) |
|
|
| Mean Dose in mg (Std) |
|
|
|
|
| In-Utero Co-Exposures |
|
|
|
|
| Nicotine-N (%) |
55 (78.6) |
147 (84.0) |
|
0.89 (0.71, 1.13) |
| Cocaine-N (%) |
19 (22.9) |
50 (21.4) |
|
1.02 (0.87, 1.21) |
| Illicitopioids-N (%) |
30 (36.1) |
85 (36.3) |
|
1.00 (0.87, 1.14) |
| SSRIs-N (%) |
18 (20.9) |
36 (14.6) |
|
1.13 (0.93, 1.39) |
| Benzodiazepines-N (%) |
26 (30.2) |
40 (16.2) |
|
1.28 (1.04, 1.57) |
| Antipsychotics-N (%) |
6 (7.0) |
13 (5.3) |
|
1.09 (0.80, 1.49) |
| C-section Delivery-N (%) |
33 (38.4) |
106 (42.9) |
|
0.87 (0.60, 1.27) |
| Maternal Hepatitis CnN (%) |
57 (79.2) |
151 (83.0) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
0.93 (0.75, 1.15) |
| Gestational Age at Birth, Weeks-Mean (Std) |
38.6 (2.1) |
38.2 (2.5) |
0.40 (-0.19, 0.99) |
|
| <37 Weeks Gestational Age-N (%) |
8 (9.3) |
52 (21.1) |
|
0.44 (0.22, 0.89) |
| Birth Weight, Grams-Mean (Std) |
2862.6 (601.9) |
2870.9 (629.4) |
-8.32 (-162.3, 145.7) |
|
| Pharmacologically Treated for NAS-N (%) |
73 (84.9) |
210 (85.0) |
|
1.00 (0.90, 1.11) |
| Length of Hospitalization, Days-Mean (Std) |
21.2 (11.8) |
23.1 (11.7) |
-1.85 (-4.74, 1.04) |
|
| NAS Medication Treatment |
|
|
|
|
| Morphine-N (%) |
37 (43.0) |
111 (45.0) |
|
-1.92 (-14.08, 10.25) |
| DTO-N (%) |
36 (41.9) |
100 (40.5) |
|
1.37 (-10.72, 13.47) |
| Phenobarbital-N(%) |
1 (2.0) |
61 (31.1) |
|
-25.24 (-34.39, -16.09) |
| Clonidine-N(%) |
2 (3.9) |
5 (2.6) |
|
1.37 (-4.40, 7.14) |
| Birth Weight, Grams-Mean (Std) |
2862.6 (601.9) |
2870.9 (629.4) |
-8.32 (-162.3, 145.7) |
|
| Pharmacologically Treated for NAS-N (%) |
73 (84.9) |
210 (85.0) |
|
1.00 (0.90, 1.11) |
| Length of Hospitalization, Days-Mean (Std) |
21.2 (11.8) |
23.1 (11.7) |
-1.85 (-4.74, 1.04) |
|
| NAS Medication Treatment |
|
|
|
|
| Morphine-N (%) |
37 (43.0) |
111 (45.0) |
|
-1.92 (-14.08, 10.25) |
| DTO-N (%) |
36 (41.9) |
100 (40.5) |
|
1.37 (-10.72, 13.47) |
| Phenobarbital-N(%) |
1 (2.0) |
61 (31.1) |
|
-25.24 (-34.39, -16.09) |
| Clonidine-N(%) |
2 (3.9) |
5 (2.6) |
|
1.37 (-4.40, 7.14) |
|
