| Associated factors |
Definition |
All patients
(n° 409) |
HC
(n° 63) |
Controls
(n° 346) |
p |
| Age (median ± SD) |
|
|
72.9 ± 13.17 |
68.9 ± 14.8 |
0.02 |
Gender
Male
Female |
|
60.9%
39.1% |
60.3%
39.7% |
61%
39% |
0.70 |
Admission diagnosis
|
Elective surgery-planned ICU admission
Elective surgery-unplanned ICU admission
Surgical emergency
Medical |
47.4%
4.1%
18.6%
29.8% |
33.3%
7.9%
22.2%
36.5% |
53.8%
3.7%
17.9%
24.6% |
0.001 |
| SAPS II score (median ± SD) |
|
|
32 ± 16.4 |
36.4
± 14.9 |
0.05 |
| Cigarette smoking |
> 40 packs year |
0.03% |
17.5% |
0.3% |
0.001 |
| Cancer |
Neoplastic lesion, with or without metastasis,
treated or untreated |
39.4% |
52.4% |
37% |
0.021 |
| Vasculopathy |
Claudicatio intermittens, arterial bypass,
vascular gangrene, arterial insufficiency,
untreated chest or abdominal aortic aneurysm |
29.1% |
39.7% |
27.7% |
0.044 |
| Coronary artery disease |
Stress test or pharmacological inducible
chest pain, history
of Acute Myocardial Infarction/angina |
8% |
15.9% |
6.6% |
0.049 |
| Chronic atrial fibrillation |
Chronic Atrial Fibrillation |
11.7% |
19% |
10.4% |
0.050 |
| Hypertension |
SBP>140 and/or DBP>90 |
51.3% |
66.7% |
48.5% |
0.068 |
| PTCA/CABG |
|
5.3% |
6.3% |
2.3% |
0.081 |
| Chronic Renal Failure |
Creatinine clearance less than 90 ml/min/m2 |
8.8% |
11.1% |
8.4% |
0.095 |
| Chronic liver failure |
Hepatitis for more than three months, with or without
presence of cirrhosis or its complications |
6.6% |
7.9% |
6.4% |
0.23 |
| OSAS (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome) |
|
0.7% |
1.6% |
0.6% |
0.38 |
| DM (Diabetes Mellitus) |
ADO or insulin therapy or diabetes-related complications |
23.2% |
30.2% |
22% |
0.48 |
| Myocardial infarction |
|
14.1% |
9.5% |
15% |
0.44 |
| Stroke/TIA |
|
3% |
8% |
2% |
0.49 |
| Heart Failure |
Progressive dyspnea, according to NYHA classes |
13.4% |
7.9% |
14.4% |
0.83 |
| COPD |
Progressive dyspnea, with or without specific
therapy, with or
without home oxygen therapy, with hypoxemia
and/or
chronic hypercapnia |
40% |
38.1% |
40.5% |
0.94 |
