Gender   N     % Previous surgery Previous route of induction     Yes No Needle Mask Unknown Males 66     56% 35    51% 31    49% 6    10% 19    33% 9    16% Females 51     44% 23   49% 28   51% 6      10% 13    22% 5    9% Overall 117 58   50% 59   50% 12   21% 32   57% 14   24% p values   ns ns needle v mask <0.0005             needle v unknown <0.0005             mask v unknown <0.005     Needle= intravenous induction Mask= inhaled induction

Table 1: Demography 1. Numbers of children (males, females, overall) having had previous surgery and their previous route of induction.