Time (in minutes) Group 1 Mean ± SD (beats/min) Group 2 Mean ± SD (beats/min) Group 3 Mean ± SD (beats/min) p-value p-value (1 versus 2) p-value (1 versus 3) p-value (2 versus 3)
5 94.75 ± 8.92 107 ± 13.90 107 ± 10.46 <0.001 <0.001 (HS) <0.001(HS) *
10 93.13 ± 8.75 106 ± 13.70 106.50 ± 11.19 <0.001 <0.001(HS) <0.001(HS) 0.85(NS)
20 90.55 ± 7.36  105 ± 13.90 106.50 ± 12.24 <0.001 <0.001(HS) <0.001(HS) 0.60(NS)
30 88.68 ± 6.12 105 ± 13.60 106.90 ± 13.04 <0.001 <0.001(HS) <0.001(HS) 0.52(NS)
The mean difference is significant at p-value<0.05 and highly significant at p-value<0.001.
Table 4: Significance of heart rate (beats/minute) changes in the three groups after giving premedication.