| Author |
Year |
Size |
Jadad |
Intervention studied |
Block |
Onset |
Duration of analgesia definition |
Duration of analgesia |
Complications |
Analgesic outcome |
| Desmetet al. [13]. |
2013 |
n=144 |
5 |
a) 0.5% ropivacaine, saline
b) 0.5% ropivacaine, 10mg dexamethasone
c) 0.5% ropivacaine, saline + 10mg IV dexamethasone Vol = 32ml |
Interscalene |
N/A |
Onset to VRS >2/4 |
a) 12.6 (10.6-15.2) hrs*
b) 23.4 (16.9-28.5) hrs*
c) 21.3 (18.3-33.9) hrs* a vs. b P<0.0001 a vs. c P<0.0001 b vs. c P>0.05 |
Group a - 1 wound infection Group b - 1 deltoid hypoaesthesia secondary to C4/5 disc herniation. |
48hrparacetamol use a vs b/c P<0.0001 48hrdiclofencac use a vs. b/c P=0.03 |
| Biradaret al. [20]. |
2013 |
n = 58 |
5 |
a) 1.5% lidocaine (7mg/kg) w/ epi, saline
b) 1.5% lidocaine (7mg/kg) w/ epi, 8mg dexamethasone Vol = not stated |
Supraclavicular |
Sensory a) 16 ± 2.3 min** w
b) 13.4 ± 2.8 min** P=0.001 Motor
a) 18.7 ± 2.8 min**
b) 16.0 ± 2.7min** P=0.001 |
Time to first surgical site pain |
a) 2.65 ± 0.34 hrs**
b) 5.43 ± 0.98 hrs** P = 0.001 |
None post-operatively |
N/A |
| Tandocet al. [23]. |
2011 |
n = 90 |
5 |
a) bupivacaine 0.5% w/ epi
b) bupivacaine 0.5% w/ epi, 4mg dexamethasone
c) bupivacaine 0.5% w/ epi, 8mg dexamethasone Vol = 40ml |
Interscalene |
N/A |
Discharge to NRS >3/10 |
a) 13.3 ± 4.0 hrs**
b) 21.6 ± 2.4 hrs** c) 25.2 ± 1.9 hrs** P<0.05 a vs. b/c P>0.05 b vs. c |
1 pneumothorax. No other complication within 1 year follow up. |
Opiate Use POD1 + 2 a vs b/c P<0.01 POD3 P>0.05 Total NSAID Use b vs. c P<0.05 |
| Cummings et al. [24]. |
2011 |
n=218 |
5 |
a) 0.5% ropivacaine
b) 0.5% bupivacaine
c) 0.5% ropivacaine, 8mg dexamethasone
d) 0.5% bupivacaine, 8mg dexamethasone Vol = 32ml |
Interscalene |
N/A |
Onset to VRS >2/10 |
a) 11.8 (9.7-13.8) hrs*
b) 14.8 (11.8-18.1) hrs*
c) 22.2 (18.0-26.6) hrs*
d) 22.4 (20.5-29.3) hrs* P<0.001 |
None at 14 days |
No difference in total 3 day opiate consumption P>0.15 |
| Vieira et al. [25]. |
2010 |
n = 88 |
5 |
a) 0.5% bupivacaine w/ epi, 75mcg clonidine
b) 0.5% bupivacaine w/ epi , 75mcg clonidine, 8mg dexamethasone Vol = 20ml |
Interscalene |
N/A |
Not specified |
a) 13.9 (12.1-18.1) hrs*
b) 24.3 (22.1-31.8) hrs* P<0.0001 |
None at 48 hours |
POD1 opiates P<0.0001 Total opiates P>0.05 Pts free of opiates POD1 P<0.0001 |
| Parrington et al. [22]. |
2010 |
n = 45 |
5 |
a) 1.5% mepivacaine, saline
b) 1.5% mepivacaine, 8mg dexamethasone Vol = 32ml |
Supraclavicular |
Sensory
a) 10 ±4 mins**
b) 9 ± 5 mins** P=0.779 Motor
a) 8 ± 3 mins**
b) 8 ± 3 mins** P=0.846 |
Time to first surgical site pain |
a) 3.8 (3.5-4.4) hrs*
b) 5.5 (3.8-7.5) hrs* P=0.008 |
None at 14 days. Transient numbness/tingling in hand,with no difference in incidence between groups. |
Opiates in PACU P=0.020 Opiates POD1, POD7, POD14 P>0.05 |
| Golwalaet al. [19]. |
2009 |
n = 60 |
2 |
a) 2% lignocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine w/ epi, distilled water
b) 2% lignocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine w/ epi, 8mg dexamethasone Vol = 35ml |
Supraclavicular |
Sensory
a) 11.8 ± 0.84 mins**
b) 9.07 ± 0.79 mins** P<0.05 Motor a) 12.79 ± 0.79 mins**
b) 10.86 ± 0.65 mins** P<0.05 |
Injection to VAS 5/10 |
a) 4-6 hrs
b) 12-18 hrs P<0.001 |
No complications in immediate post-operative period |
N/A |
| Yadavet al. [18]. |
2008 |
n = 90 |
3 |
a) 1.5% lignocaine w/ epi
b) 1.5% lignocaine w/ epi, 500mcg neostigmine
c) 1.5% lignocaine w/ epi, 4mg dexamethasone Vol = 24ml |
Supraclavicular |
Sensory
a) 10.6 ± 3 mins**
b) 10.4 ± 2.5 mins**
c) 8.9 ± 2.2 mins** P=0.028 c vs. a/b Motor
a) 17.3 ± 4.3 mins**
b) 17.2 ± 4.0 mins**
c) 14.7 ± 3.5 mins** P=0.020 c vs. a/b |
Onset of block to first perception of pain |
a) 2.94 ± 0.89 hrs**
b) 3.8 ± 0.88 hrs**
c) 7.57 ± 1.8 hrs** P<0.0001 a vs. b/c P=0.016 b vs. c |
None reported post-operatively |
Lower 12hr analgesic requirements P=0.001 |
| Shresthaet al. [17]. |
2007 |
n = 60 |
5 |
a) bupivacaine 2mg/kg, 2mg/kg tramadol
b) bupivacaine 2mg/kg, 8mg dexamethasone Vol = not stated |
Supraclavicular |
Sensory
a) 18.47 ± 2.03 mins**
b) 16.67 ± 2.34 mins** P<0.05 Motor
a) 13.93 ± 1.66 mins**
b) 12.90 ± 1.49 mins** P>0.05 |
VAS of >8/10 or intolerable pain |
a) 7.55 ± 1.20 hrs**
b) 17.14 ± 3.24 hrs** P<0.05 |
None at 6 months |
N/A |
| Movafeghet al. [21]. |
2006 |
n = 60 |
5 |
a) 35ml 1.5% lidocaine, saline b) 35ml 1.5% lidocaine, 8mg dexamethasone Vol = 36ml |
Axillary |
Sensory
a) 11 ± 4 min**
b) 14 ± 5 min** P>0.05 Motor
a) 22 ± 8 min**
b) 26 ± 7 min** P>0.05 |
Injection to first perception of pain |
a) 1.6 ± 0.6 hrs**
b) 4.0 ± 1.3 hrs** P<0.01 |
N/A |
N/A |
| Shresthaet al. [16]. |
2003 |
n=40 |
0 |
a) 2% lidocaine w/ epi, 0.5% bupivacaine
b) 2% lidocaine w/ epi, 0.5% bupivacaine with 4-8 mg dexamethasone Vol = 40-50ml |
Supraclavicular |
Block (motor/sensory unspecified)
a) 18.15 ± 4.25 mins**
b) 14.5 ± 2.10 mins** P<0.05 |
Not defined |
a) 3.16 ± 0.48 hrs**
b) 12.75 ± 5.33 hrs** P<0.05 |
None reported, period undefined |
N/A |
