Incidence (%)

Prevention

Treatment

Spasm

1-5

Immediate, fast puncture
Prophylactic Verapamil and Nitroglycerine
Proper patient sedation

Intraarterial nitroglycerin or verapamil

Radial artery occlusion

1-3

Prophylactic NaHeparin Non-occlusive bandage

In symptomatic cases PTA

Perforation

very rare

GW removal and compression bandage

Compression bandage In symptomatic cases coronary stent graft

Dissection

very rare

Cross ower to femoral site

In symptomatic cases PTA with stent

Pseudoaneurysm

very rare

Proper pressure bandgage position

Long term compression bandage US guided thrombin injection

Granuloma formation

very rare

-

-

Table 3: Reported vascular complications, their prevention and treatment.