| Disease |
Female/male ratio |
Tissue source |
References |
| Systemic sclerosis |
≥ 8:1 |
Peripheral blood cells |
[33,34] |
| Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy |
3:1 |
Sorted CD4+ or CD8+ peripheral blood cells |
[35,36] |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
5:1 |
Peripheral blood nucleated cells |
[37] |
| Sjögren syndrome |
9:1 |
Peripheral blood whole nucleated cells |
[37] |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis |
14:1 |
Peripheral blood nucleated cells |
[38] |
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
20:1 |
Thyroid tissue |
[39] |
| Graves’ disease |
8:1 |
Thyroid tissue |
[40] |
| Lichen planus |
2:1 |
Peripheral blood nucleated cells |
[41] |
| Polymorphic eruptions of pregnancy |
pregnancy |
|
[42] |
Interestingly, maternal microchimerism was found in the peripheral blood of patients
with T1DM and pancreatic islet beta cell microchimerism [43]. It was demonstrated
that this bioevent also leads to the production of IL-2,a proinflammatory cytokine,in
IL-2 knockout mice [44]