CPB: Cardiopulmonary Bypass; EPI: Epinephrine; IABP: Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump; LVAD: Left Ventricular Assist Device

Figure 1: A schematic diagram of hemodynamic data pre-, during, and post cardiopulmonary bypass. The X-axis represents hourly time intervals. The y-axis represents corresponding changes in hemodynamic data. Epinephrine was started to treat sever systolic dysfunction that stated after induction of anesthesia prior to CPB. An intra-aortic balloon pump was subsequently instituted. Left ventricular assist device was subsequently instituted due to a lack of pronounced hemodynamic response to pharmacologic and balloon pump support.