Diabetic kidney disease was defined as either proteinuria >300 mg/L, albuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio ≥ 30 µg/mg measured in a single morning urine sample; or>20 µg/min in timed overnight urine collections; or >30 mg/24 h in a 24-hour urine), or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Retinopathy (including diabetic macular edema) was defined as laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy; Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy (ETDRS) staging ≥ 0 on fundus photography; Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale 3, 4 or 5 on dilated ophthalmoscopy, or moderate or severe maculopathy (Diabetic Macular Edema Disease Severity Scale). |