n=20   0% 10% 20% 30% 40%     θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 Least-Squares Bias 0.0375 0.1083 68395 12511 115870 12323 115212 9858 136703 8915 MSE 0.0479 0.4842 1.50E+10 1.50E+8 1.2E+11 1.2E+9 1.4E+11 9.9E+8 2.4E+11 1.0E+9 MEP 5.0375 1.1083 68400 12512 115875 12324 115217 9859 136708 8916 Robust Method Bias 0.0901 0.1525 0.0358 0.0523 0.0362 0.0250 0.0899 0.1605 0.2034 0.3292 MSE 0.0534 0.5646 0.2296 0.5710 0.2555 0.6212 0.3534 0.8233 0.3928 1.095 MEP 5.0701 1.1327 4.9641 1.0523 4.9638 0.9751 5.0899 1.1601 5.2034 1.3292 n=50   0% 10% 20% 30% 40%     θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 θ1 θ2 Least-Squares Bias 0.0131 0.1430 23650 11692 18843 5605 25855 5462 33790 5170 MSE 0.0396 0.2566 4.6E+9 1.1E+9 7.6E+9 6.3E+9 1.2E+10 5.1E+08 3.1E+10 7.1E+08 MEP 5.0131 1.0414 23655 11693 18848 5606 25860 5463 33795 5171 Robust Method Bias 0.0701 0.1625 0.0365 0.0646 0.0262 0.0143 0.0504 0.0640 0.0022 0.0510 MSE 0.2167 0.5221 0.0555 0.2067 0.0660 0.3303 0.0673 0.3861 0.0710 0.6139 MEP 5.0701 1.1131 5.0365 1.0646 4.974 0.9857 5.0505 1.0650 5.0022 1.0510

Table 4: Bias, Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Mean Estimated Parameter (MEP) with Percentage Contamination in the Y Direction.