|
Fixed effects |
Men (n=14,110) |
Multilevel model |
| Estimates (SE) |
P-Value |
Region (Lev 3) |
Cluster (Lev 2) |
| Age group |
|
|
.4250 (.1950)** |
.9342 ( .0773)** |
| 15-19 |
Ref (1) |
|
|
|
| 20-24 |
.9081 (.0658) |
0.000 |
|
|
| 25-29 |
1.1543 ( .0666) |
0.000 |
|
|
| 30-34 |
1.0139 ( .0731) |
0.000 |
|
|
| 35-39 |
.8731 ( .0735) |
0.000 |
|
|
| 40-44 |
.6689 ( .0809) |
0.000 |
|
|
| 45-49 |
.6289 ( .0874) |
0.000 |
|
|
| 50-54 |
.4494 ( .0971) |
0.000 |
|
|
| 55-59 |
.0483 ( .1159) |
0.677 |
|
|
| Education level |
|
|
.2905 ( .1345)** |
.6325 ( .0570)** |
| No education |
Ref (1) |
|
|
|
| Primary |
.6888 ( .0496) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Secondary |
1.3294 ( .0753) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Higher |
1.6591 ( .0845) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Place of residence |
|
|
.3222 ( .1479)** |
.5783 ( .0521)** |
| Rural |
Ref (0) |
|
|
|
| Urban |
1.3782 ( .0990) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Religion |
|
|
.3529 ( .1633)** |
.8178 (.0692)** |
| Christian |
Ref (1) |
|
|
|
| Muslim |
-.2902(.0652) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Others |
-.4491(.1549) |
0.004 |
|
|
| Ethnicity |
|
|
.1915 ( .0928)** |
.7387 ( .0642)** |
| Tigrean |
Ref (1) |
|
|
|
| Affar |
-1.5394 ( .2571) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Amara |
-.1473 ( .1491) |
0.323 |
|
|
| Guragie |
-.4699 ( .1793) |
0.009 |
|
|
| Somalie |
-1.5102 ( .2312) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Sidama |
-.9857 ( .2895) |
0.001 |
|
|
| Oromo |
-.4998 ( .1554) |
0.001 |
|
|
| Nuwer |
-1.6162 ( .3240) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Welaiyta |
-.3239 ( .2359) |
0.170 |
|
|
| Others |
-.6514 ( .1589) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Media exposure |
|
|
.3625 ( .1666)** |
.7605 ( .0654)** |
| Yes |
Ref (1) |
|
|
|
| No |
1.0182 (.0639) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Wealth Index |
|
|
.2632 (.1217)* |
.5032 (.0475)* |
| Poorest |
Ref (1) |
|
|
|
| Poorer |
.3923 (.0742) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Middle |
.5929 (.0755) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Richer |
.9789 (.0761) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Richest |
1.7211 (.0868) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Marital status |
|
|
.4541 (.2072)** |
.9244 (.0765)** |
| Not married |
Ref (0) |
|
|
|
| Divorced |
.7144 (.1356) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Widowed |
.3600 (.2398) |
0.133 |
|
|
| Married |
.4091 (.0411) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Relationship with most recent sex partner |
|
|
.3945 (.1808)** |
.8301 (.0700)** |
| Living with partner |
Ref (0) |
|
|
|
| Boy-girl friend |
.4678 (.1599) |
0.003 |
|
|
| Commercial |
.1433 (.3119) |
0.646 |
|
|
| Spouse |
-.2006 (.1393) |
0.150 |
|
|
| Other |
.3967 (.2098) |
0.059 |
|
|
| Hear Family planning on Mass Media |
|
|
.3479 (.1601)** |
.7506 (.0647)** |
| No |
Ref (0) |
|
|
|
| Yes |
.9276 (.0447) |
0.000 |
|
|
| HIV related knowledge |
|
|
.2826 (.1321)** |
.7481 (.0647)** |
| Low |
Ref (0) |
|
|
|
| High |
.5408 (.0915) |
0.000 |
|
|
| comprehensive |
1.0681 (.0901) |
0.000 |
|
|
| HIV related stigma |
|
|
.3216 (.1480)** |
.6822 (.0606)** |
| No stigma |
Ref (0) |
|
|
|
| Low |
-.4064 (.0492) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Moderate |
-1.0235 (.0545) |
0.000 |
|
|
| High |
-1.2272 (.2029) |
0.000 |
|
|
| HIV risky behaviour |
|
|
.4185 (.1913)** |
.8461 (.0709)** |
| No risk |
Ref (0) |
|
|
|
| Some risk |
-.0047 (.0473) |
0.920 |
|
|
| High |
-.4583 (.0944) |
0.000 |
|
|
| Knowing Place for HIV test |
|
|
.2007 (.0954)** |
.5345 (.0515)** |
| No |
Ref (0) |
|
|
|
| Yes |
20.4095 (461.10) |
0.975 |
|
|
|
|
| ** Indicates significant value |
| Table 8: Parameter estimates and standard errors of univariate multilevel model predicting the probability of ever been tested for HIV with random intercept and fixed slope among men, Ethiopia (S.Es are placed in parentheses). |
