| Name of the species |
Wastewaters |
Notes |
References |
| Spirulina platensis |
Sago starch factory wastewater, factory at Batu Pahat, Johore |
Using High Rate Algal Pond (HRAP), the reduction of COD, ammoniacal-nitrogen and phosphate levels of the digested effluent reached 98.0%, 99.9% and 99.4% respectively |
[57] |
| Algae consortia |
POME,
Anaerobic liquor pond |
Algae pond system was used in secondary treatment of digested POME for the gross biomass productivities |
[56] |
| Chlorella spp. |
Rubber mill effluent, Malaysia rubber factories |
In this study, Chlorella spp. isolated from rubber effluent ponds, and the algae revealed high hetero-trophic and mixotrophic abilities. It was noted that the organic carbon compounds from rubber effluent was removed by Chlorella spp. in an oxidation pond system |
[118] |
| Characiumsp. |
POME, Sime Darby East Mill,
Carey Island, Selangor |
The study examines the efficiency of nutrients removal in anaerobically treated POME by a locally isolated microalga Characium sp. from POME treatment pond. The results showed that the level of COD, ammoniacal nitrogen, ammonia, ammonium, total nitrogen of POME was reduced up to 45.41%, 90.35%, 86.9%, 87% and 88.6% respectively. This alga was also found to remove up to 99.1% of phosphate and 99.5% of phosphorus. |
[119] |
| S. platensis, S. dimorphus |
POME, Sime Darby East Mill,
Carey Island, Selangor |
Experiment was conducted in outdoor raceway pond reactor to evaluate nutrient removal efficiency in anaerobically treated POME. S. platensis was having best nutrient removal efficiency compare than S.
dimorphus. Results showed that S. platensis were effective in reduction of BOD (78.3%), COD (84.9%), Total Nitrogen (91%), ammonia Nitrogen (93.8%) and phosphorus (96.8%) |
[120] |
| S. platensis |
POME, Sime Darby East Mill,
Carey Island, Selangor |
The experiments were conducted on the orbital shaker. It was observed that S. platensis able to reduced 90% of COD. Ammoniacal nitrogen and Total phosphorus was removed up to 87% and 80% respectively. |
[121] |
| C. vulgarisUMACC 078 |
Sewage
treatment plant located at International
Islamic University Malaysia campus |
Total phosphorus and COD was removed up to 40.7% and 35.3% respectively. Total Nitrogen was removed the maximum which is about 45.8-77.8% by the growth of C. vulgaris |
[122] |
| C. vulgaris, C. pyrenoidosa, C. sorokiniana, Botryococcus sudeticus, and Tetraselmis sp. |
POME, Bukit Besar, Johor Bahru |
POME was used as carbon source to increase the lipid content by limiting algae growth rate |
[123] |
| Isochrysis, Chaetoceros sp., Tetraselmis sp. (marine algae) |
POME, Sabah |
Use of both photobioreactor and outdoor system in digested secondary treated POME. It was noted that 5% POME with 0.075% of inorganic NPK fertilizer in seawater gives optimum algae growth rate and the biomass showed the increment of lipid and fatty acids. The pollutants such as Orthophosphate (87%), Nitrate (38%), Total Nitrogen (39%), and BOD (21.3%) was reduced |
[124] |
| Nannochloropsis sp., Chlorella sp.,Isochrysis sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Pavlova sp. |
Leachate ponds at the PulauBurung Sanitary Landfill, Pulau Pinang |
Using leachate from a landfill as a low cost growth medium for the production of algae biomass |
[125] |
| C. vulgaris |
POME |
The raw, filtered and sterilized POME was used by culturing C. vulgaris in 5L tanks. From this study, the maximum NH3-N and TP removal was obtained in the sterilized POME which is about 82.1% (NH3-N) and 88.3% (TP) with the shortest cultivation time (10 days). The filtered POME and the raw POME also succeeded to remove the NH3-N and TP up to 90% when the cultivation time was extended further two to three times. These findings proposed that the POME from secondary treatment pond could be used for microalgae cultivation to remove excessive nutrients in POME |
[126]
|
C. vulgaris UMACC 001, Chlorella UMACC
236, ScenedesmusUMACC 099, Ankistrodesmus convolutus UMACC
101, Euglena UMACC 058 and 4 strains of S. platensis, namely
UMACC 159, 160, 161 and 162 |
Textile wastewater (TW), garment factory
located at Senawang Industrial Estate, Negeri Sembilan |
Among the various algae cultures tested, C. vulgaris UMACC 001 was performed well in HRAP. The nutrients such as NH4-N, PO4-P, and COD were removed up to 44.4-45.1%, 33.1-33.3% and 38.3-62.3% in TW, respectively. It was concluded that C. vulgaris using HRAP offers a viable system for the polishing of TW before final discharge. |
[59] |
