| Technique |
Examples |
Benefits |
Applications |
Ref. |
| In situ |
Biosparging
Bio venting
Bio augmentation |
Most effective Non invasive
Relative passive
Treats soils and waters |
Biodedgradative abilities of indigenous micro organisms
Distribution of pollutants |
[41,42] |
| Ex situ |
Land forming
Composting
Bio piles |
Cost effective, simple
Low cost ,rapid reaction rate
Done on site |
Surface application, application of organic material to natural soils,
surface application, agriculture to municipal wastes |
[43] |
| Bioreactors |
Slurry reactors
Aqueous reactor |
Rapid degradation
Enhances mass transfer |
Toxic concentration of contaminants |
[44] |
| Precipitation |
Non directed physico-chemical complex action reaction between contaminant and charged particles |
Cost effective |
Removal of heavy metals |
[45] |
| Microfiltration |
Microfiltration membranes are used at a constant pressure |
Removes dissolved solid rapidly |
Waste water treatement |
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| Electrodialysis |
Uses cation anion exchange membrane pairs |
Withstands with high temperatures and can be reused |
Removal of dissolved solids efficiently |
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