Insecticides THE1 THE2 SW DT DW Mean Survival 22.5 33.2 330.0 44100 86400 Time (sec) ±4.9* ± 6.3* ± 77.4 ± 9467.8 ± 0.0 Larvae were sprayed with DT, SW, DW and the essential oil of C. schoenanthus at 2 doses (THE1 and THE2). Data are Means ± SD. *P < 0.05 (THE1 and THE2 vs DT). DW: distilled water; THE1: essential oil 2g + hand soap containing soda 2 g + distilled water 96 g; THE2: essential oil 1 g + hand soap containing soda 2 g + distilled water 97 g SW: hand soap containing soda 2 g + distilled water 98 g; DT: 40 μl aqueous solution containing 0.25 mg of active ingredient.

Table 2: Mean survival time of the larvae of P. xylostella after treatment with emulsified oil of C. schoenanthus (100% mortality).