Particle Maximum adsorbed amount
(μg-protein/mg-particle)
pH (-)
3.8 7 9
Anionic PP 28.86A 0.79R 0.33R
Cationic PP 1.00R 2.02A 0.96R
Zwitterionic PP 2.27R 1.26R 2.92R
A: attractive forces act between polymer particle and protein
R: repulsive forces act between polymer particle and protein
A or R is judged by the pI of protein and Zeta potential of polymer particles in various buffer solution as shown in Table 1.
Table 3: Maximum adsorbed amount of BSA on polymer particles at various pH.