| Modified Electrode |
Linear range |
Detection Limit (µM) |
Reference |
| CPE/GNP/HRP |
0.5–50 µM |
0.2 |
[69] |
| ITO/APTMS /GNP /HRP |
20.0 µM–8.0 mM |
8.0 |
[70] |
| ITO/GNP/HRP |
8.0 µM–3.0 mM |
2.0 |
[71] |
| GDE/SSG/GNP/HRP |
1.6 µM–3.2 mM |
0.5 |
[72] |
| GCE/SF/GNP/HRP |
10.0 µM–1.8 mM |
5 |
[73] |
| GDE/MPA/CBU/GNP/HRP |
0.4–0.9 µM |
50 nM |
[74] |
| GDE/nano-TiO2/AuNWs/HRP |
2.3 µM–2.4 mM |
0.7 |
[75] |
| GDE/ATP/CaCO3–GNPs/HRP |
0.5 µM–5.2 mM |
0.1 |
[76] |
| GCE/MWCNTs/CHIT/HRP |
16.7 µM–0.7 mM |
10.3 |
[77] |
| GDE/MWCNTs/TTF–TCNQ/HRP |
5.0 µM–1.1 mM |
0.5 |
[78] |
| PDDA/MWNTs/HRP |
Up to 120 nM |
1.5 nM |
[79] |
| MWNTs/organosilica@chitosan/HRP |
0.7 µM–2.8 mM |
0.3 |
[80] |
| GCE/ACS/MWCNTs/HRP |
1.0 µM–0.5 mM |
0.6 |
[81] |
| GCE/CHIT/GP/HRP |
5.0 µM–5.3 mM |
1.7 |
[82] |
| ITO/CHIT/GP-Fe3O4/HRP |
5.0 µM–3.8 mM |
0.6 |
[83] |
| GP/GNP/CdTe–CdS/GNP/HRP |
0.1–12.0 nM |
0.03 nM |
[84] |
| GCE/QDs/HRP |
5.0 µM–0.1 mM |
0.3 |
[85] |
| GDE/SNP/HRP |
3.3 µM–9.4 mM |
0.8 |
[86] |
| GDE/DNA/SNP/HRP |
1.5 µM–2.0 mM |
0.5 |
[87] |
| GDE/SNW/HRP |
4.8 nM–0.31 µM |
1.2 nM |
[88] |
| GCE/DSSD/HRP |
0.7 µM–0.1 mM |
50 nM |
[89] |
| TPA/SLGnP/HRP |
0.6–16.8 µM |
0.1 |
[90] |
| FTO/PANI/HRP |
up to 20 mM |
--- |
[92] |
| GCE/PANI/HRP |
1.0 µM–2.0 mM |
0.6 |
[93] |
| PANI/PNP/CHIT/GNP/HRP |
7.0 µM–14.0 mM |
2.8 |
[94] |
| Nano-PANI/GNP-PNP/CHIT/HRP |
1.0 µM–2.2 mM |
0.5 |
[95] |
| PPy/PNP/GNP/HRP |
4.9 µM–4.8 mM |
1.3 |
[97] |
| Pt/PPA/GNP/HRP |
0.4 µM–1.5 mM |
0.1 |
[99] |
| Au/PEDOT-PSS/HRP |
0.2 µM–38.0 mM |
0.1 |
[100] |
| GCE/PNM/HRP |
0.2–1.4 µM |
47.5 nM |
[101] |
| GDE/DNA/ BMITB/HRP |
10.0 µM–7.4 mM |
3.5 |
[102] |
| β-CD//ILs/ BMIMBF4/HRP |
4.0–84.0 µM |
2.7 |
[103] |
| GDE/4-CP/HRP |
20.0 µM–20.0 mM |
5.0 |
[105] |
| SGE/HRP |
4.0 µM–0.1 mM |
1.6 |
[108] |
| GCE/SHAP/HRP |
1.0 µM–0.1 mM |
0.4 |
[109] |
| PSPCE/HRP |
5.9–35.4 µM |
0.5 |
[110] |
CPE: Carbon Paste Electrode; GNP: Gold Nano Particle; ITO: Indium Tin
Oxide; GDE: Gold Electrode; SSG: Silica Sol-gel; SF: Silk Fibroin; MPA:
Mercapto Propionic Acid; CBU: Cyclic Bisureas; AuNWs: Gold Nanowires; ATP:
4-aminothiophenol; APTMS, (3-aminopropyl) Trimethoxysilane; MWCNTs: Multi-
Walled Carbon Nanotubes; CHIT: Chitosan; TTF–TCNQ: Tetrathiafulvalene–
Tetracyanoquinodimethane; PDDA: Poly(dially dimethylammonium); ACS:
Alumina-Coated Silica; GP: Graphene; QDs: Quantum Dots; SNP: Silver
Nanoparticles; SNW: Silver Nanowire; DSSD: Dendritic Silver/Silicon Dioxide;
TPA: Tetrasodium 1,3,6,8-Pyrenetetrasulfonic acid); SLGnP: Single-Layer
Graphene Nanoplate; PANI: Polyaniline; FTO: F-doped Tin Oxide; PNP: Pt
Nanoparticle; PPy, polypyrrole, Pt: Platinum; PPA: Poly 2,6-Pyridinediamine;
PEDOT: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PSS: Poly(styrene sulfonic acid);
PNM: Poly (N-isopropylacyamide-co-3-methacryloxy-propyltrimethoxysilane);
BMITB: 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate; β-CD: β-cyclodextrin; ILs:
Ionic Liquids; BMIMBF4: 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate; 4-CP:
4-carboxyphenyl; SGE: Sonogel–Carbon Electrode; SHAP: Silica–Hydroxyapatite;
PSPCE: Porous Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode |