| Biomarker |
Detection/Application |
Analytical Tools |
| Pigments |
Presence of photosynthesisSpecificantioxidants, Vit A |
Fluorescence, HPLC, Mass spectra |
| CytochromeP4501A |
Presence of organic contaminationcertain PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs, etc. |
Enzyme activity (fluorometry andspectroscopy) and amount (Elisa) |
| DNA—damage |
Presence/damage of organicxeno-biotics (PAHs, PCBs and PCDDs) |
DNA strand breaks measurement, |
| AChE inhibition |
Indicator of exposure to organo-phosphorous Carbamate, toxins,metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, etc.,). |
Enzyme activity (spectrophometer pH) |
| Metallothioneins |
Indicator of exposure to metals(Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg).In: vertebrates (mammals) andAndinvertebrates (molluscs, fish)Algae. |
Proteins (pulse polarography, liquidchromatography |
|
