| |
HAT |
CHAGAS |
LEISHMANIASES |
| Principal disease forms or stages |
Early( hemolymphatic) stage, late (CNS) stage |
Acute phase, indeterminant phase, chronic phase (cardiac and digestic forms) |
Vicersl, Mucocutaneous and Cutaneous leishmaniasis |
| Causative organisms |
T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense |
T. cruzi |
21 Leishmania spp. e.g.
L. donovani (VL)
L. braziliensis (MCL)
L. major (CL) |
| Host cell/tissue |
Extracellular in blood, lymph, cerebral spinal fluid, intercellular spaces |
Intracellular, in cytoplasm of heart, smooth muscles, gut, CNS, adipose tissue cells |
Intracellular, in phagolysosomes of macrophages |
| Vectors of medical impotance |
Tsetse flies (≈20 Glossinaspp) |
Reduviid bugs (Triatominaespp) |
Phebotominae sandflies (≈70 spp) |
| Transmission |
Infected fly bite, congenital (rare), blood transfusion (rare) |
Contamination by feces of infected bugs |
Infected fly bite |
| Geographic distribution |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
South and Central America |
South and Central America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Middle East |
| Population at risk |
50 million |
100 million |
350 million |
| Infected |
70,000-80,000 |
8-1 million |
12 million |
| Deaths per annum |
≈30,000 |
≈14,000 |
≈51000 (VL) |
| Health Burden (DALYs) |
1.5 million |
0.7 million |
2-1 million |
