Diet No. Feed intake (g/fish) Feed conversion ratio2 (FCR) Protein utilization Protein efficiency ratio3 (PER) Protein productive value4 (PPV, %) 1 47.91 1.64 ab 2.02 c 26.86 bc 2 47.63 1.51 b 2.15 ab 28.61 b 3 46.99 1.40 c 2.28 a 31.64 a 4 46.45 1.45 bc 2.17 ab 29.92 ab 5 47.55 1.73 a 1.80 cd 25.96 c Mean 47.32 1.55 2.08 28.60 SE1 2.24 0.12 0.14 1.84

1Standard error of the mean derived from the analysis of variance. 2FCR=DM Feed Intake (g)/Live weight gain (g). 3PER=Live weight gain (g)/ Protein intake (g). 4PPV (%)=100 [Final fish body protein (g)–Initial fish body protein (g)]/crude protein intake (g). Table 5: Effect of using treated broad bean hulls on feed and nutrients utilization parameter of (O. niloticus) fingerlings.