Chemical product Concentration (ppm) Duration of treatment1 D-value (min) t = n × D n = 5-log10 (h:mm) Z-value (ppm) 0 min 10 min 20 min Bronopol 500 2.92 ± 0.79 × 107 1.99 ± 0.36 × 107 4.86 ± 1.45 × 106 25.7 2:08 3,571 1,000   4.39 ± 2.45 × 106 1.88 ± 1.12 × 106 16.8 1:24 1,500   2.23 ± 1.33 × 106 4.68 ± 0.43 × 105 11.1 0:56 2,000   1.28 ± 0.57 × 106 1.06 ± 0.81 × 105 8.2 0:41 2,500   4.32 ± 3.00 × 105 4.72 ± 0.84 × 104 7.2 0:36 Hydrogen peroxide 500 10.2 ± 0.90 × 107 1.18 ± 0.20 × 107 3.97 ± 1.10 × 106 14.2 1:11 5,882 1,000   6.45 ± 0.42 × 106 1.78 ± 0.18 × 106 11.4 0:57 1,500   4.57 ± 1.12 × 106 5.36 ± 0.82 × 105 8.8 0:44 2,000   2.11 ± 0.26 × 106 1.77 ± 0.27 × 105 7.2 0:36 2,500   1.69 ± 0.76 × 106 1.06 ± 0.04 × 105 6.7 0:33   Glutaraldehyde 500 3.36 ± 0.89 × 107 2.23 ± 1.98 × 107 1.57 ± 0.68 × 107 60.6 5:03 2,941 1,000   7.36 ± 1.62 × 106 3.32 ± 1.10 × 106 19.9 1:40 2,000   8.27 ± 3.03 × 105 1.71 ± 0.68 × 105 8.7 0:44 3,000   9.79 ± 4.46 × 104 8.25 ± 4.74 × 104 7.7 0:38   IncimaxxAquatic® (eq. peracetic acid) 100 1.19 ± 0.34 × 107 8.29 ± 3.52 × 106 4.93 ± 0.43 × 106 52.4 4:22 194 150   7.62 ± 0.78 × 106 3.29 ± 1.46 × 105 12.8 1:04 200   1.66  ± 0.70 × 105 5.91 ± 3.94 × 104 8.7 0:43 250   1.39 ± 1.07 × 105 4.48 ± 2.94 × 104 8.2 0:41 Chloramine-T 400 7.91 ± 2.85 × 107 4.90 ± 1.22 × 107 3.62 ± 0.96 × 107 58.8 4:54 775 600   2.08 ± 0.51 × 107 1.08 ± 0.04 × 107 23.1 1:56 800 8.27 ± 4.81 × 107 3.41 ± 0.19 × 106 4.39 ± 1.07 × 106 15.7 1:18 1,000   3.42 ± 0.52 × 105 1.83 ± 1.50 × 105 7.5 0:38 1,200   1.09 ± 1.32 × 105 1.38 ± 0.76 × 104 5.3 0:26 1Flavobacterium psychrophilumsuspensions were treated with the indicated chemical compound and the viability of the bacterial cells was evaluated by EMA-qPCR as described in the Material and Method section.

Table 2: Impact of chemical treatments on F. psychrophilum JIP02/86 viability.