Dietary CHO/L ratios       0.13 0.40 0.76 1.25 1.88 Peruvian fishmeal (Anchovy)a 34.03 34.03 34.03 34.03 34.03 Casein 25 25 25 25 25 Yeast meal 2 2 2 2 2 Fish oil (Salmon) 9.42 7.22 5.02 2.82 0.62 Soy lecithin 10 10 10 10 10 Corn starch 0 4.95 9.9 14.85 19.8 Vitamin mixtureb 4 4 4 4 4 Mineral mixturec 2 2 2 2 2 Carboxymethyl cellulose 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Cellulose 11.05 8.30 5.55 2.80 0.05 Analyzed compositiond Moisture % 9.26 9.17 9.27 9.78 10.32 Crude protein % 49.2 49.8 49.7 49.2 48.9 Crude lipid % 22.6 20.0 17.6 15.1 13.0 Carbohydrate % 3.05 7.96 13.41 18.87 24.43 Ash % 5.66 5.53 5.13 5.28 5.72 Estimated digestible energye(kcal / g) 4.12 4.11 4.11 4.08 4.10 CHO/L (g / g) 0.13 0.40 0.76 1.25 1.88

aYongsheng Feed Corporation, Binzhou, China; proximate composition (% dry matter): moisture: 8.9; crude protein: 73.6; crude lipid: 10.7. bVitamin mixture contained (as g kg-1 vitamin mixture): Choline concentrate 50%, 200 g; vitamin E(500 IU / g) 10 g; vitamin D3 (500,000 IU / g) 0.50g; vitamin B3 1 g; vitamin B5 2 g; vitamin B1 100mg; vitamin B2 0.4 g; vitamin B6 300 mg; vitamin C 20g; vitamin B9 100 mg; vitamin concentrate B12 (1 g/kg), 1 g; vitamin K3 1 g; meso-inositol 30 g; cellulose, 732.1 g. (from Mazurais et al. 2009). cMineral mixture contained (as g kg-1 mineral mixture): 90 g KCl, 40 mg KIO3, 500 g CaHPO4·2H2O, 40 g NaCl, 3 g CuSO4·5H2O, 4 g ZnSO4·7H2O, 20 mg CoSO4·7H2O, 20 g FeSO4·7H2O, 3 g MnSO4·H2O, 215 g CaCO3, 124 g MgSO4·7H2O, and 1 g NaF(from Mazurais et al. 2009). dValues represent means of duplicate samples. eBy calculation.

Table 1: Formulations and analyzed composition of experimental diets.