Reference   N Risk Ratio Measure Overall Risk Ratio (CI) Overall Risk Ratio (CI) of TC stratified by time since CM diagnosis
<10 years >10 years
Tucker et al., 1985† Total M F 5 2 3 RR 3.6* 4.8 3.1 <1 year 0.0 0.0 0.0 1-4 years 1.9 6.1 0.0 5-9 years 8.6* 9.8 8.1 >10 years 3.0 0.0 4.1
Ronckers et al., 2005† Total 93 RR 2.01 (1.62-2.47)* <10 years 2.22* >10 years 1.53
Goggins et al., 2006† Total M F 101 39 62 SIR 2.17 (1.77-2.63)* 2.49 (1.54-2.57) 2.00 (1.54-2.57) ≤3 years 2.54 (1.78-3.51)* 3-10 years 2.28 (1.67-3.06)* >10 years 1.65 (1.02-2.53)*
Sandeep et al., 2006† Total 118 SIR 1.84 (1.53-2.21)* <1 year 1.80 (0.93-3.14) 1-9 years 1.64 (1.26-2.11)* >10 years 2.23 (1.63-2.99)*
Swerdlow et al., 2009 Total M F 6 0 6 SIR 1.72 (0.63-3.75) 0 .0 (0.0-5.34) 2.15 (0.79-4.68)        
Bradford et al., 2010 Total 170 SIR 1.75 (1.50-2.04)* 2 mos-1 year 5.19* 1-5 years 1.73* 5-10 years 1.39 10-20 years 1.48* >20 years 0.82
Spanogle et al., 2010 Total 217 SIR 1.90 (1.65-2.17)* 2 mos-1 year 4.06 (2.96-5.43)* 1-5 years 2.20 (1.77-2.71)* 5-10 years 1.37 (0.99-1.85) >10 years 1.40 (1.00-1.90)
            Melanoma in situ    
Balamurugan et al., 2011   M F   15 32     1.27 1.58* 2 mos-1 year -- -- 1-5 years 1.07 1.76* 5-10 years 1.71 1.00 >10 years 0.0 --
    SIR     Invasive CM    
  M F   54 67     2.67* 1.77* 2 mos-1 year 7.09* 4.94* 1-5 years 2.19* 1.25 5-10 years 1.12 1.16 >10 years 1.13 --
Robsahm et al., 2014 M F 13 19 SIR 2.78 (1.61-4.80)* 1.27 (0.81-1.99)*            
Meta-Analysis Total M F 44252 186 SIR 1.88 (1.62-2.15)* 2.60 (1.65-3.55)* 1.59 (1.10-2.09)*            
Oakley et al., 2014† Total 78 OR 2.3 (1.8-3.0)*        
Data were suppressed if fewer than 6 cases were observed. TC, Thyroid cancer; CM, cutaneous melanoma; N, number; M, males; F, females; RR, relative risk; OR, odds ratio; SIR, standardized incidence ratio; CI, 95% confidence interval; mos, months; *RR/SIR/OR differs significantly from 1 (p < 0.05); †These studies also analyzed RR/SIR/OR of CM subsequent to TC and are included in Table  2b.
Table 2a: Risk of thyroid cancer (TC) after cutaneous melanoma (CM).