| Condition |
Non-injured controls (n=10) |
Concussed participants (n=4) |
Significance (one-tailed probability) |
| Baseline (errors, n) |
0.2 (SD: 0.4) |
Participant 1: 0 |
t(9)=-0.477, p=0.323 |
| Participant 2: 0 |
t(9)=-0.477, p=0.323 |
| Participant 3: 0 |
t(9)=-0.477, p=0.322 |
| Participant 4: 0 |
t(9)=-0.477, p=0.323 |
| VI+S (errors, n) |
0.1 (SD: 0.3) |
Participant 1: 0 |
t(9)=-0.318, p=0.379 |
| Participant 2: 2* |
t(9)=6.039, p=0.0001 |
| Participant 3: 1* |
t(9)=2.860, p=0.009 |
| Participant 4: 0 |
t(9)=-0.318, p=0.379 |
| VI+S+SH (errors, n) |
0.2 (SD: 0.6) |
Participant 1: 2* |
t(9)=2.860, p=0.009 |
| Participant 2: 0 |
t(9)=-0.318, p=0.379 |
| Participant 3: 0 |
t(9)=-0.318, p=0.379 |
| Participant 4: 0 |
t(9)=-0.318, p=0.379 |
| VI+S+OR (errors, n) |
0.7 (SD: 1.3) |
Participant 1: 2 |
t(9)=0.953, p=0.183 |
| Participant 2: 0 |
t(9)=-0.513, p=0.310 |
| Participant 3: 1 |
t(9)=0.220, p=0.415 |
| Participant 4: 0 |
t(9)=-0.513, p=0.310 |
| VI+S+SH+OR (errors, n) |
0.2 (SD: 0.6) |
Participant 1: 1 |
t(9)=1.271, p=0.118 |
| Participant 2: 0 |
t(9)=-0.318, p=0.379 |
| Participant 3: 0 |
t(9)=-0.318, p=0.379 |
| Participant 4: 0 |
t(9)=-0.318, p=0.379 |
| VI+S+OL (Errors, n) |
0.6 (SD: 1.3) |
Participant 1: 0 |
t(9)=-0.440, p=0.335 |
| Participant 2: 1 |
t(9)=0.293, p=0.389 |
| Participant 3: 0 |
t(9)=-0.440, p=0.335 |
| Participant 4: 0 |
t(9)=-0.440, p=0.335 |
| VI+S+SH+OL (errors, n) |
0.7 (SD: 1.1) |
Participant 1: 0 |
t(9)=-0.607, p=0.280 |
| Participant 2: 0 |
t(9)=-0.607, p=0.280 |
| Participant 3: 0 |
t(9)=-0.607, p=0.280 |
| Participant 4: 0 |
t(9)=-0.607, p=0.280 |
| Total (all conditions) (errors, n) |
2.7 (SD: 3.4) |
Participant 1: 5 |
t(9)=0.645, p=0.268 |
| Participant 2: 3 |
t(9)=0.084, p=0.467 |
| Participant 3: 2 |
t(9)=-0.196, p=0.424 |
| Participant 4: 0 |
t(9)=-0.757, p=0.234 |
*Significant difference (p ≤ 0.01)
Abbreviations: VI: Visual Interference Task; S: Skating; SH: Stickhandling; OR: Obstacle Avoidance to the Right; OL: Obstacle Avoidance to the Left; SD: Standard
Deviation; n: Number |
