Figure 4: Surgical findings at exploration of the brachial plexus: (A) pseudomeningocele, (B and C) root avulsions and (D) a peculiar case of complete brachial plexus palsy with a clavicular fracture previously repaired elsewhere: during the orthopedic procedure it was already documented that the trunks had been severed by the sharp stumps of the fractured clavicle. At exploration, it was found that the proximal and distal stumps of the severed 3 upper trunks and the supraclavicular nerve were embedded in a mass of scarred and fibrous tissue under the repaired clavicle; the proximal stump of the lower trunk was also adherent to the subclavian artery. The inner square shows the stumps of the upper trunk and its contributions once they were prepared for the graft repair. (E) Supraclavicular injury of the brachial plexus coexisting with rupture of the axillary nerve before its inlet into the quadrangular space: note the bulky neuroma on the proximal nerve stump (between the MC and the lateral root of the median nerve). (F) Rupture of the suprascapular nerve.