| Category |
Type of TBI |
Approach to diagnosis |
| Context of injury (McCrory et al., 2013) [23] |
Concussion |
History of biomechanical force in sports |
| Type of force (Menon et al., 2010; Rosenfeld et al., 2013) [5,25] |
Blast-related |
History of explosives, missiles, other blasts |
| Blunt |
History of being struck or striking a blunt object in assault, motor vehicle accident, or falls |
| Acceleration-deceleration |
History of acceleration-deceleration without history of external head trauma |
| Distribution of force (DeCuypere and Klimo Jr, 2012) [17] |
Focal |
History, clinical and imaging |
| Diffuse |
| Impact of force (Nolan, 2005) [26] |
Closed |
Clinical |
| Open/penetrating |
| Pathoanatomical diagnosis (Saatman et al., 2008) [12] |
Skull fractures |
Imaging |
| Diffuse axonal injury |
| Cerebral contusion |
| Traumatic subarachnoid haematoma |
| Subdural haematoma |
| Extradural haematoma |
| Intraparenchymal haematoma |
| Brainstem lesion |
