| Author |
Agent and application |
Patient collective |
Results |
Methodical side effects |
Pharmacological side effects |
Remark |
| Shibuya et al., [84] |
Nicardipine via cisternal catheter (3 x 2 mg daily from day 10-17) |
Patients with high risk of vasospasm (Fisher grade 3)
(50 treatment, 91 control) |
50% reduction of DIND, reduction of angiographic vasospasm |
2 Meningitis |
Headache |
Not randomized |
| Suzuki et al., [85] |
Nicardipine via cisternal catheter (2 x 4 mg fromday 3-14) |
177 consecutive SAH patients |
Low rate of angiographic vasospasm and DIND |
6% meningitis |
None |
No controlled study |
| Fujiwara et al., [86] |
Nicardipin via cisternal catheter (continuous administration of 8 mg daily for 14 days) |
5 patients with high risk of vasospasm |
No angiographic vasospasm, reversible DIND in 1 patient |
1 meningitis |
None |
No controlled study |
| Etisham et al., [87] |
Nicardipin via EVD (2 x 4 mg daily over several days) |
6 patients with vasospasm |
Marked reduction of flow velocity in TCD after nicardipine administration in 5 patients |
None |
None |
No controlled study |
| Goodson et al, [88] |
Nicardipin via EVD (2 x 4 mg daily over 5-17 days) |
8 patients with refractory vasospasm |
Good outcome in 7 patients, death in 1 patients |
None |
headache in 1 patient |
No controlled study |
| Hänggi et al. [89] |
Nimodipine (0.4 mg bolus via EVD followed by continuous infusion of 0.4 mg/h via lumbar drainage |
8 patients with refractory vasospasm |
Immediated improvement in 3 patients, improved perfusion (Perfusion-CT) in 70%. Improved angiographic vasospasm in 7 patients. |
1 meningitis |
None |
No controlled study |
