| Adverse events |
Two among 16 patients of the higher dose group developed radiation necrosis. One patient died of radiation necrosis. |
Nine patients developed radiation necrosis, |
Three among 16 patients received 78 Gy or higher dose developed radiation necrosis. |
Three among 25 patients developedmassive radiation necrosis and required secondsurgery. |
Four patients who received a 15-Gy boost developed radiation necrosis. |
Seven patients developed radiation necrosis, |
Late radiation-induced necrosis and leukoencephalopathy were each seen in only one among 20 patients. |
Four patients developed Grade 2 brain toxicity.No case of Grade 3 or higher brain toxicity was observed. |
| Survival |
The 1-year, 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year overall survival rates were 75%, 42%, 20%, and 15%, respectively. |
16.2 months in MST |
20.1 months in MST |
The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 71.4% and 55.6%, respectively. |
13.5 months in MST |
20.0 months in MST |
21.6 months in MST |
26.0 months in MST |
| No. of Patients |
38 |
90 |
38 |
25 |
89 |
23 |
20 |
32 |
| Chemotherapy Agents |
Nimustine 1 mg/m2 plus vincristine 80 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 28, and nimustine 1 mg/m2 on Days 14 and 42 |
Nimustine or carmustine with or without vincristine |
Concomitant temozolomide 75 mg/m2 daily for 6 weeks |
(not described in detail) |
Carmustine 80 mg/m2 in days 1-3 every 8 weeks for six cycles |
(unused) |
Nimustine hydrochloride 80 mg/m2 during the first and fourth weeks |
Nimustine hydrochloride on the 1st and 4th or 5th weeks of the x-ray at a dose of 100 mg/m2 |
| Fraction Size |
60-80Gy/30-40 fr. versus 90 Gy/45 fr. |
80-90 Gy/40-45 fr. |
66-81 Gy/30 fr. |
48-68 Gy/8 fr. |
60 Gy/30 fr. with 3D-CRT plus 15-24 Gy with SRS |
45 Gy/25 fr. with 3D-CRT plus 45 GyE/25 fr. with protons, hyperfractionated radiotherapy |
50.4 Gy/28fr. with 3D-CRT plus 46.2 GyE/28 fr. with protons hyperfractionated radiotherapy |
50 Gy/25 fr. with 3D-CRT plus 16.8-24.8/8 fr. with carbon ions |
| Treatment modality |
3D-CRT |
3D-CRT |
IMRT |
IMRT |
3D-CRT+SRS |
3D-CRT+proton
radiotherapy |
3D-CRT+proton
radiotherapy |
3D-CRT+Carbon ion
radiotherapy |
Author
(Reference) |
Nakagawa K et al.
(21) |
Tanaka M et al.
(22) |
Tsien CI et al.
(26) |
Iuchi T et al.
(27) |
Souhami L et al.
(32) |
Fitzek MM et al.
(42) |
Mizumoto M et al.
(43) |
Mizoe JE et al.
(47) |
Abbreviations: