Markers Features Origin/expression Alteration in PE PIGF, VEGF, sVEGFR-1(SFlt-1) Markers of angiogenesis trofoblast ˄(sFlt-1) ˅(VEGF, PIGF) sEndoglin Receptor of TEGFβ1&β3 trophoblast ˄ TPO Cytokine for thrombopoiesis liver ˄ P-selectin Inflammation reactions Platelets, endothelial cells ˄ PP13 placental implantation, maternal vascular remodeling Syncytotrophoblast, ˅ PAPP-A Insulin –like growth factor binding protein throphoblast ˅ initially ˄>onset PE ADMA Inhibitor of NO composition ADMA is formed by methylation of L-arginine ˄ CRF&CRF-BP Modulation of vascular tone trophoblast ˄(CRF) ˅(CRF-BP) PGH Metabolism in pregnancy Syncytotrophoblast, extravillus cytotrophoblast ˅ >onset PE ˄ before the onset IGF1, IGFBP1 implantation placenta ˅ (2nd trimester) Inhibin A & TEGFβ-family placenta ˄ Activin A

Table 1: Biochemical markers for PE prediction; VEGF :vascular endothelial growth factor, PIGF: placental growth factor, sFlt1: soluble membrane –bound fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, sEng: Soluble endoglin, TPO: Thrombopoietin, PP13: Placenta protein 13, PAPP-A: Pregnancy –associated plasma protein, ADMA: Asymetric dimethylarginine, CRF-BP: Corticotropin releasing factor –binding protein, CRF: Corticotrophin-releasing factor, PGH: Placental growth hormone , IGF-1: Insulin like growth factor-1, IGFBP1: Insulin like growth factor binding protein-1