Category (possible points) Preope Postope 1w Postope 3m Orientation to time (5) 3 5 5 Orientation to place (5) 5 5 5 Registration (3) 3 3 3 Attention and calculateon (5) 1 5 5 Recall (3) 2 1 3 Language (2) 2 2 2 Repetition (1) 1 1 1 Complex commands(6) 6 6 6 Total (30) 23 28 30

Table 2: Details of MMSE categories in the preoperative and postoperative results of Case 3. preope, preoperative; postope, postoperative; 1w,one week after LPS placement; 3m, 3 months after LPS placement.