| Dysfunction |
Effect |
| Vestibular nuclei |
Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus |
| Inferior cerebellar peduncle |
Ipsilateral cerebellar dysfunction: ataxia, dysmetria |
| Ventral tegmental tract |
Palatal myoclonus, cardiac and pulmonary dysautonomia |
| Lateral spinothalamic tract |
Contralateral deficit to pain, temperature |
| Spinal trigeminal nucleus/tract |
Ipsilateral loss of pain, and temperature in V1-V3 distribution |
| Nucleus ambiguous |
Cardiac and pulmonary dysautonomias, ipsilateral laryngeal, pharyngeal and palatal dysfunction |
| Ascending parasympathetic fibers |
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome |
