Beta coefficient P value 95% CI for coefficient Upper Lower Postoperative change in KPS score Constant 37.6 <0.001 23.1 52.1 Diabetes -7.57 0.003 -12.5 -2.68 Preoperative KPS -0.32 <0.001 -0.48 -0.17 Age -0.13 0.034 -0.25 -0.1 Length of hospital stay Constant 13.6 <0.001 8.53 18.7 Diabetes 2.74 0.007 0.74 4.7 Preoperative KPS -0.12 0.001 -0.18 -0.05 Length of ICU stay Constant 3.64 0.088 -0.54 7.74 Diabetes 2.1 0.006 1.1 4.1 Preoperative KPS -0.06 0.017 -0.1 -0.01 Preoperative blood glucose 0.01 0.015 0.003 0.03 BMI 0.74 0.017 0.013 0.13

Table 4: Summary of the multivariable linear regression models for postoperative change in KPS scores, length of hospitalization, and duration of ICU stay. Diabetes is independently associated with postoperative deterioration in functional status in addition to lengthier hospitalization and ICU stays.