Incision (p=0.455) Capsulorhexis (p=0.007) Hydrodissection (p=0.031) Phacoemulsification (p<0.001) Irrigation Aspiration (p=0.018) Lens insertion (p=0.002) Wound closure (p=0.149) Surgeon A (p<0.001) -1.2% (6.09) +3.7% (8.35) +5.7% (9.06) +12.7% (10.77) +7.1% (8.82) +6.0% (9.37) +6.2% (9.6) Surgeon B (p=0.103) 0.0% (5.3) +1.6% (7.29) +2.4% (7.7) +5.0% (7.95) +4.4% (8.81) +2.1% (6.07) +2.4% (7.16) Surgeon C (p<0.001) -1.5% (3.75) -1.7% (3.76) +0.8% (4.53) +3.2% (4.55) +1.0% (7.2) -0.3% (4.44) +4.4% (5.8)

Table 2: Mean (with standard deviation) percentage change from baseline in heart rate for identified stages of the operation.