Figure 1: Treatment scheme and blood glucose. Separate cohorts of mice were used to evaluate the effect of anti-TNFα antibody on the complications of DR. (A) The line indicated the development of DR. Diabetes duration, delivery routes, measurements were shown. IVT: Intravitreal. IP: Intrapertonal. (B) Average HbA1c value of the mice that were used for assays. Blood samples used to test blood glucose concentrations were always collected in the afternoon between 2-4pm. The level of average glucose (AG, mg/gL) was converted into HbA1c value (%) using the equation HbA1c (%)=[AG(mg/dl)+77.3]/35.6, as suggested at http://www.ngsp.org/A1ceAG.asp. The results were expressed as mean ± SD (n=10).