Figure 4: Numerical solutions of frictional and kinetic pressure losses for future low membrane resistances. (a) Rm = 1.12 × 10111/m, (b) Rm = 5.62 × 10101/m, and (c) Rm = 1.12 × 10101/m. The radius r = 0.4mm and initial transmembrane pressure of 0.5 bar were used in the calculation.