| Variable |
|
Month |
| Baseline |
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
| Body weight (kg) |
91.6 ±3.4 |
88.6 ±3.4* |
87.6 ±3.5* |
87.1 ±3.6* |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
36.5 ±0.8 |
35.5 ±0.8* |
35.2 ±0.8* |
35.0 ±0.9* |
| Fat mass (kg) |
40.5 ±1.7 |
39.3 ±1.7* |
38.5 ±1.7* |
38.3 ±1.8* |
| Body weight loss (%) |
NA |
40.0 ±10.7 |
50.0 ±8.4 |
48.9 ±11.5 |
| Fat mass (%) |
44.4 ±1.0 |
44.4 ±1.1 |
44.0 ±1.1 |
43.9 ±1.1 |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
112 ±2.2 |
108.6 ±1.9* |
107.2 ±2.1* |
106.7 ±2.3* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
160.4 ±10.1 |
149.0 ±8.2 |
166.8 ±5.5 |
162.8 ±12.9 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
195.7 ±8.9 |
181.3 ±7.6 |
189.8 ±8.7 |
197.8 ±8.7 |
| HDL (mg/dL) |
38.5 ±1.7 |
34.5 ±1.6* |
35.3 ±1.4 * |
39.8 ±2.1 |
| LDL (mg/dL) |
125.2 ±7.3 |
116.5 ±7.1 |
121.5 ±9.0 |
124.1 ±8.5 |
| VLDL (mg/dL) |
32.1 ±2.0 |
29.8 ±1.6 |
33.4 ±3.1 |
32.6 ±2.6 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) |
94.9 ±3.0 |
88.7 ±1.7* |
83.0 ±2.5* |
90.5 ±2.1 |
| Insulin (mU/mL) |
20.6 ±2.2 |
14.7 ±1.8* |
16.1 ±1.7* |
15.4 ±1.4* |
| HOMA-IR |
4.9 ±0.6 |
3.3 ±0.4* |
3.4 ±0.4* |
3.5 ±0.3* |
| CRP (mg/L) |
8.6 ±1.6 |
8.5 ±1.8 |
8.0 ±1.7 |
8.9 ±1.9 |
| oxLDL |
3.2 ±0.4 |
3.1 ±0.3 |
4.2 ±0.5 |
4.1 ±0.8 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
117.0 ±5.2 |
105.4 ±2.6* |
108.7 ±3.6 |
107.9 ±3.2 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
75.0 ±4.1 |
68.2 ±1.7 |
72.8 ±3.1 |
72.3 ±2.6 |
| TNFa mRNA (RQU) |
1.0 ±2.8 |
UD |
UD |
1.0 ±2.0 |
| TNFa protein (pg/mL) |
25.8 ±12.5 |
32.0 ±2.4 |
52.8 ±19.1 |
64.4 ±29.1 |
| Adherence to diet (%) |
NA |
86.3 ±2.7 |
80.3 ±3.5 |
78.6 ±2.9 |
|
NA: Not applicable; UD: Undetermined.
Data are presented as mean ± SE and percentage.
Friedman and Wilcoxon posthoc tests were used.
*p<0.05. They compared with baseline value. |
| Table 2: Effects of moderate-fat diet in control group. |