| Variable |
|
Month |
| Baseline |
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
| Body weight (kg) |
94.1 ±5.5 |
91.3 ±5.3* |
90.4 ±5.1* |
90.3 ±5.2* |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
36.9 ±1.4 |
35.8 ±1.4* |
35.5 ±1.3* |
35.4 ±1.4* |
| Fat mass (kg) |
40.9 ±3.0 |
38.6 ±3.0* |
37.9 ±3.0* |
37.7 ±2.9* |
| Body weight loss (%) |
NA |
82.1 ±25.5* |
81.1 ±35.4* |
84.2 ±15.1* |
| Fat mass (%) |
43 ±1.0 |
41.9 ±1.1* |
41.5 ±1.2* |
41.4 ±1.1* |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
109.8 ±3.5 |
106.5 ±3.5* |
104.2 ±3.5* |
102.8 ±3.5* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
174.9 ±25 |
157.2 ±14.8 |
204. 5 ±49.3 |
135.9 ±10.4* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
173. ±6.3 |
163.8 ±6.0 |
189.0 ±6.3 |
184.7 ±7.8 |
| HDL (mg/dL) |
36.8 ±1.4 |
40.7 ±2.2* |
36.7 ±1.2 |
41.0 ±1.2* |
| LDL (mg/dL) |
102.1 ±4.9 |
94.5 ±5.2 |
123.8 ±7.5 |
123.7 ±6.1 |
| VLDL (mg/dL) |
35.0 ±5.0 |
31.4 ±3.0 |
40.9 ±9.9 |
27.2 ±2.1* |
| Glucose (mg/dL) |
93.5 ±2.5 |
89.9 ±2.1 |
88.2 ±2.4 * |
89.1 ±2.9* |
| Insulin (mU/mL) |
17.8 ±1.9 |
12.1 ±1.1* |
15.2 ±1.8 * |
13.0 ±1.4* |
| HOMA-IR |
4.2 ±0.5 |
2.7 ±0.3* |
3.4 ±0.5 * |
3.0 ±0.4* |
| CRP (mg/L) |
7.9 ±1.1 |
6.9 ±1.2 |
6.9 ±1.1 |
6.3 ±1.0* |
| oxLDL (mg/dL) |
3.3 ±0.6 |
2.1 ±0.3* |
2.3 ±0.4 * |
2.7 ±0.5* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
110.7 ±2.5 |
108.6 ±2.3 |
109.0 ±2.0 |
108.9 ±1.9 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
71.9 ±1.9 |
72.0 ±1.8 |
70.0 ±1.5 |
70.2 ±1.4 |
| TNFa mRNA (RQU) |
0.6 ±2.0 |
UD |
UD |
0.2 ±2.5 |
| TNFa protein (pg/mL) |
14.3 ±3.5 |
33.5 ±3.4* |
44.9 ±12.5* |
25.4 ±5.7* |
| Adherence to diet (%) |
NA |
86.5 ±2.2 |
81.7 ±2.6* |
66.4 ±4.8* |
| Adherence to drinking tea (%) |
NA |
92.5 ±1.3 |
88.2 ±2.4 |
84.6 ±3.3* |
|
NA: Not applicable; UD: Undetermined.
Data are presented as mean ± SE, and percentage.
Friedman and Wilcoxon posthoc tests were used.
*p<0.05. They compared with baseline value. |
| Table 3: Effects of moderate-fat diet in intervention group. |