Sl. No Sex/age (Y) Habit: Smoker (S)/Non-smoker (NS) Various CAs induced by gamma radiation and their frequency Frequency of total CAs Breaks Dicentrics Rings Acentrics 0 Gy 60 Gy 0 Gy 60 Gy 0 Gy 60 Gy 0 Gy 60 Gy 0 Gy 60 Gy P1 F/45  NS 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.29 P2 M/46 NS 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.08 0 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.34 P3 M/37 NS 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.09 0 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.36 P4 F/56 NS 0.01 0.16 0.01 0.1 0 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.38 P5 M/37 NS 0.02 0.17 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.4 P6 M/62 S 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.11 0 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.45 P7 M/42 S 0.02 0.19 0.02 0.1 0 0.05 0.01 0.09 0.05 0.43 P8 M/69 S 0.02 0.18 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.45 P9 M/71 S 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.05 0.47 P10 M/47 S 0.03 0.19 0.01 0.08 0 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.05 0.42 Average values of NS (P1 to P5) 0.014 ± 0.005 0.146 ± 0.020* 0.010 ± 0.000 0.092 ± 0.010* 0.004 ± 0.002 0.05 ± 0.005** 0.010 ± 0.004 0.06 ± 0.008** 0.030 ± 0.010 0.350 ± 0.040** Average values of S(P6 to P10) 0.020 ± 0.004 0.196 ± 0.010* 0.012 ± 0.004 0.108 ± 0.010* 0.004 ± 0.002 0.062 ± 0.008* 0.012 ± 0.004 0.07 ± 0.010** 0.050 ± 0.007 0.44 ± 0.010** Average of NS + S(P1 to P10) 0.018 ± 0.006 0.170 ± 0.030* 0.011 ± 0.003 0.100 ± 0.020* 0.004 ± 0.002 0.058 ± 0.007* 0.012 ± 0.004 0.07 ± 0.013** 0.042 ± 0.014 0.390 ± 0.050**

Table 2: CA induced by gamma radiation in non-target tissues at the end of cumulative 60 Gy of radiotherapy in HNSCC patients. Note: Student’s t-test; shows statistically significant differences in total CAs at different doses compared with control values, *represent p<0.05, **represent p<0.01. Abbreviations: P: Patient; S: Smoker; NS: Non-Smoker: M: Male; F: Female: RT: Radiotherapy; Y: Year and Gy: Gray.