| Principles of green chemistry* |
Biological CCU |
| P |
Prevent wastes. |
Recyclable bio-wastes. |
| R |
Renewable materials. |
Light/H2 as energy source and CO2/flue gas as carbon source. |
| O |
Omit derivatization steps. |
CO2 converted via integrated biochemical pathways. |
| D |
Degradable chemical products. |
Biodegradable products. |
| U |
Use safe synthetic methods. |
Use of non-pathogenic organisms. |
| C |
Catalytic reagents. |
Specialised enzymes, micro-compartments or organelles. |
| T |
Temperature, pressure ambient. |
Mild cultivation conditions. |
| I |
In-process monitoring. |
Process control for bioreactors or fermenters is available. |
| V |
Very few auxiliary substances. |
Other non-carbon nutrients derived from biomass. |
| E |
E-factor, maximize feed in product. |
Yield optimization via strain selection, genetic engineering and synthetic biology. |
| L |
Low toxicity of chemical products. |
Biocompatible products. |
| Y |
Yes it’s safe. |
Generally safe. Cautions in large-scale H2/O2/syngas utilization. |
* Adapted from [126]