| Material |
Origin |
Processing |
Properties |
| Collagen |
Natural Tissue
- acid treatments
- alkali treatments
- proteolysis |
- Injectable hydrogels
- Hydrogels
- Membranes
- Films
- Sponges
- Scaffolds
- Microspheres
- Nanospheres |
- Biocompatibility
- Biodegradability
- Structural integrity
- Cell adhesion
- Neovascularization |
| Gelatin |
Natural Tissue
- Collagen hydrolisis |
- Hydrogels
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Biodegradability
- No immunogenicity
- No pathogen transmission |
| Fibrin |
Natural
- Blood clots |
- Injectable hydrogels
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Biodegradability
- Enhanced tissue formation |
| Hyaluronic acid |
Natural
- Microbes |
- Injectable hydrogels
- Hydrogels
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Biodegradability
- No immunogenicity
- Inhibition of chondrocytic chondrolysis,
- Anti-inflammatory
- Inhibitory of prostaglandin synthesis,
- Release of proteoglycan |
| Chitosan |
Natural
- Crustaacean
- Microbes |
- Hydrogels
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Bioresorbability
- Antimicrobial
- Cell adhesion |
| Alginate |
Natural
- Brown algae
- Bacteria |
- Hydrogel
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Metal chelation
- Low cost |
| Agarose |
Natural
- Algae |
- Hydrogel
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Cell adhesion |
| Chondroitin sulfate |
Natural
- Tissues |
- Hydrogel
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Anti-inflammatory |
| Calcium phosphate Bioceramics |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Enhanced tissue formation |
| Silicate Bioceramics |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Mechanical strength |
| Titania |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds
- Implants |
- Biocompatibility
- Mechanical strength |
| PLA |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Biodegradability
- Non-immunogenicity
- Chemical versatility |
| PGA |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Biodegradability
- Non-immunogenicity
- Chemical versatility |
| PLGA |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Biodegradability
- Non-immunogenicity
- Chemical versatility |
| PCL |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Biodegradability
- Elasticity |
| PGS |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Elasticity |
| PEG |
- Synthesis |
- Hydrogel |
- Biocompatibility
- Excretion |
| Polymer/
Bioceramic composites |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Properties of
Polymer and Bioceramics |
| Nanofibers |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Cells alignment |
| CNT |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Mechanical strength
- Electrical stimulation |
| CNF |
- Synthesis |
- Scaffolds |
- Biocompatibility
- Mechanical strength
- Electrical stimulation |
