EBV non-coding RNAs Main characteristics Types Relevant functions Examples of major interactions Major effects References EBV- RNAs (EBERs) Non-coding, non-poly(A) RNAs EBER-1 (166 nts) EBER-2 (172 nts) Act as regulators of signaling and transcription factors. Resistance to PKR-mediated apoptosis due to PKR binding. Production of type-I IFN through RIG-I binding. Production of IL-10 via RIG-I-mediated activation of IRF-3 (Burkitt’s lymphoma). Expression of IGF-1 (gastric and nasopharyngeal carcinoma). Production of IL-9 (T-cells) and IL-6 (B-cells). Cell transformation [119-120] EBV micro-RNAs (mi-RNAs) Small non-coding RNAs BHRF1 Dozens mi-RNAs (19–95 nts) Down-regulate the expression of mRNAs bearing complementary sequences. PUMA of the p53 pathway. BCL6. Caspase 3. ITAC / CXCL11. IL-1. Resistance to apoptosis / cell survival [121-127] BART BCL6: B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma Protein Type 6; IFN: Interferon; IL-1: Interleukin 1; IGF-1: Insulin-Like Growth Factor; IRF-3: Interferon Regulatory Transcription Factor 3; ITAC: IFN-Inducible T-Cell Attracting Chemokine; ntd: Nucleotides; PKR: Protein Kinase RNA-Dependent Receptor; Poly(A): Polyadenylated; PUMA: P53 Up-Regulated Modulator Of Apoptosis; RIG-I: Retinoic-Acid Inducible Gene I

Table 4: Functions and interactions of the EBV non-coding RNAs.